文/北京集佳知識產(chǎn)權代理有限公司西安分所 禹嘯林
摘要 由于美國專(zhuān)利法中關(guān)于附圖部分的規定與國內的規定有不小的差異,國內的申請人在申請美國專(zhuān)利時(shí)還是會(huì )經(jīng)常收到有關(guān)附圖的OA。本文主要總結了附圖OA的產(chǎn)生原因及答復手段,以供參考。
關(guān)鍵詞:35 USC 113,37CFR 1.83,附圖,全部特征,有效申請日
近期在處理美國OA時(shí),連續收到了關(guān)于附圖的OA,而其國內的優(yōu)先權申請并未收到附圖相關(guān)的OA。為此特地查閱了美國專(zhuān)利法中關(guān)于附圖的相關(guān)規定,這些規定主要體現在美國法典(35 USC)的113條、美國聯(lián)邦法規(37CFR)的1.83-1.85三個(gè)章節,以及MPEP 608.02中。
具體節選如下:
35 USC 113:
The applicant shall furnish a drawing where necessary for the understanding of the subject matter sought to be patented. When the nature of such subject matter admits of illustration by a drawing and the applicant has not furnished such a drawing, the Director may require its submission within a time period of not less than two months from the sending of a notice thereof. Drawings submitted after the filing date of the application may not be used (i) to overcome any insufficiency of the specification due to lack of an enabling disclosure or otherwise inadequate disclosure therein, or (ii) to supplement the original disclosure thereof for the purpose of interpretation of the scope of any claim.
37 CFR 1.83:
?。╝)The drawing in a non-provisional application must show every feature of the invention specified in the claims. However, conventional features disclosed in the description and claims, where their detailed illustration is not essential for a proper understanding of the invention, should be illustrated in the drawing in the form of a graphical drawing symbol or a labeled representation (e.g., a labeled rectangular box). In addition, tables that are included in the specification and sequences that are included in sequence listings should not be duplicated in the drawings.
?。╞)When the invention consists of an improvement on an old machine the drawing must when possible exhibit, in one or more views, the improved portion itself, disconnected from the old structure, and also in another view, so much only of the old structure as will suffice to show the connection of the invention therewith.
?。╟)Where the drawings in a non-provisional application do not comply with the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, the examiner shall require such additional illustration within a time period of not less than two months from the date of the sending of a notice thereof. Such corrections are subject to the requirements of §1.81(d).
MPEP 608.02(g)
Figures showing the prior art are usually unnecessary and should be canceled. Ex parte Elliott, 1904 C.D. 103, 109 OG 1337 (Comm’r Pat. 1904). However, where needed to understand applicant’s invention, they may be retained if designated by a legend such as "Prior Art."
國內專(zhuān)利法中關(guān)于附圖內容的規定主要是“附圖是說(shuō)明書(shū)的一個(gè)組成部分。附圖的作用在于圖形補充說(shuō)明文字部分的描述,使人能夠直觀(guān)地、形象化地理解發(fā)明或者實(shí)用新型的每個(gè)技術(shù)特征和整體技術(shù)方案?!保▽彶橹改系诙糠值诙碌?.3章節)。
雖然各個(gè)國家專(zhuān)利申請中的附圖的意義及作用基本類(lèi)似,主要是對說(shuō)明書(shū)文字部分進(jìn)行補充描述,使人能夠直觀(guān)地、形象化地理解發(fā)明的每個(gè)技術(shù)特征和整體技術(shù)方案,但是(1)美國專(zhuān)利法中明確要求“附圖必須體現權項的所有特征”(“The drawing in a non-provisional application must show every feature of the invention specified in the claims” 37 CFR 1.83 (a));(2)另外,MPEP 608.02(g) 指出用以表示現有技術(shù)的方案的附圖應該添加“--Prior Art--”標簽。
國內申請人或代理人往往由于對以上兩點(diǎn)認識不足而導致收到關(guān)于附圖的OA。
了解了附圖相關(guān)OA產(chǎn)生的原因之后,那么答復思路也就清晰了。針對第一類(lèi)問(wèn)題可以將原附圖中未示出的特征以附圖標記或者文字的形式添加到對應的附圖中即可,也可以添加新的附圖以體現相應的特征。這里需要注意的是,補交的附圖不會(huì )引起申請日(不包括外觀(guān)設計專(zhuān)利)的重新確定,這與國內的規定相差很大。關(guān)于補交附圖的申請日的確定在MPEP 608.02(a)中有明確的規定。
“[f]or applications filed on or after December 19, 2013, other than design applications, 35 U.S.C 111 no longer requires that an application contain a drawing where necessary for the understanding of the subject matter sought to be patented to be entitled to a filing date”
雖然補交的附圖不會(huì )引起美國申請的申請日的重新確定,但是35 USC 113中也明確規定后補入的無(wú)法用于(i)克服由于缺乏有效的公開(kāi)或其他不充分的公開(kāi)而導致的說(shuō)明書(shū)的任何不足;(ii)為了解釋權利要求的范圍,補充其原始公開(kāi)內容。這實(shí)際上也就給后面補入的附圖以足夠的限制,也可以簡(jiǎn)單的理解為補入的附圖不能超過(guò)原始公開(kāi)的范圍。
在補交附圖時(shí)還應該留意附圖是否體現了整個(gè)說(shuō)明書(shū)中比較有技術(shù)價(jià)值的但未被權利要求包括的特征。這么做主要是考慮到后續很可能為了克服創(chuàng )造性問(wèn)題,需要從說(shuō)明書(shū)里提取這些特征并加入到權利要求中,如果沒(méi)有提前補入則有可能再次引發(fā)類(lèi)似的問(wèn)題。
針對第二點(diǎn)處理方式比較簡(jiǎn)單。在對應的用來(lái)體現現有技術(shù)的附圖下面添加“--Prior Art--”標簽即可。
下面結合具體的案例來(lái)說(shuō)明上面第一種OA的答復方式。
一個(gè)美國OA,獨權1提到了“控制閥,與所述泄油通道連接,用于控制所述泄油通道的通斷”(以下稱(chēng)為特征A),“所述第一搖臂的一端通過(guò)氣門(mén)橋和氣門(mén)彈簧與所述氣門(mén)傳動(dòng)連接” (以下稱(chēng)為特征B)這兩個(gè)特征,但上述兩個(gè)特征均未在附圖中體現。
其原始附圖為下面2幅:
圖1
圖2
為此代理人依據說(shuō)明書(shū)中的相應描述,修改附圖并補入新附圖。
針對特征A修改后的附圖1:
修改后的圖1(添加了控制閥特征)
針對特征B補入的附圖:
新加入的附圖3
新增的附圖3被審查員接受,而修改的附圖1未被審查員接受而引發(fā)了第二通OA,因為審查員認為通過(guò)修改的附圖依然無(wú)法體現出控制閥如何“控制所述泄油通道的通斷”。
后又補充了四幅附圖來(lái)說(shuō)明此問(wèn)題。
值得注意的是雖然增加的4幅附圖主要作用與原圖1類(lèi)似,但是不可以將4幅附圖一并作為圖1的替代附圖。也就是說(shuō)不可以將4幅附圖一并標為替代附圖(Replacement Sheet),而是將其中有一個(gè)作為圖1的替代附圖(Replacement Sheet),另外3個(gè)作為新增附圖(New Sheet)。
由于美國申請補入附圖時(shí)還是要盡量遵守不超范圍的原則,在修改或繪制附圖時(shí)盡量使用原附圖中已有的元素或者盡量采用方框類(lèi)的簡(jiǎn)單示意(如本OA中補入的附圖3),以避免超范圍。
綜上是個(gè)人對美國申請關(guān)于附圖OA的實(shí)務(wù)總結,希望能為大家提供一點(diǎn)幫助,如有不當之處,還請大家批評指正。